Along Hudson Bay in northern Canada, a lonely polar bear patrols along a rocky outcrop in early August 2022. Olivier MORIN / AFP
Sprawled on rocky ground far from sea ice, a lone Canadian polar bear sits under a dazzling sun, his white fur useless as camouflage.
It's midsummer on the shores of the Hudson Bay and life for the enormous male has been moving in slow motion, far from the prey that keeps him alive: seals.
Every year from late June, when the bay ice disappears -- shrinking until it dots the blue vastness like scattered confetti -- the bears must move onto shore to begin a period of forced fasting.
The entire annual rhythm of the polar bear is challenged by the effects of global warming. Olivier MORIN / AFP
But that period is lasting longer and longer as temperatures rise.
The whole annual rhythm of the polar bear is in peril, and birth rates are dropping as they scavenge for food.
In the summer, the ice pack starts to melt earlier and earlier in Hudson Bay . Olivier MORIN / AFP
"There could be a beluga whale carcass they might be able to find, (or a) naive seal near shore, but generally they're just fasting. They lose nearly a kilogram of body weight every day that they're on land," said Geoff York, a biologist for Polar Bears International (PBI). An AFP team joined him on an expedition.
In the Arctic, global warming is occurring three or four times faster than elsewhere in the world, recent studies indicate.
In summer, polar bears are sometimes forced to eat seaweed to survive. Olivier MORIN / AFP
According to a 2020 report published in the journal Nature Climate Change, this means the near-extinction of this iconic animal is approaching: From 1,200 individuals in the 1980s, the polar bear population in western Hudson Bay has dropped to about 800 today.
These days, this super predator of the Arctic sometimes has to feed on seaweed, as a mother and her cub were seen doing not far from the port of Churchill, the Manitoba town and self-declared "polar bear capital."
When polar bears can't find anything to eat in the wild, they sometimes venture to the community of Churchill . Olivier MORIN / AFP
They are also moving closer to the cities. In Churchill, the bears a few years ago began frequenting the waste disposal site, a source of easy - but harmful - food for them.
Since then, the town has taken precautions. The dump is now guarded by cameras, fences and patrols. Across Churchill, people leave cars and houses unlocked in case someone needs to take refuge quickly after a bad encounter with this large carnivore.
Provincial wildlife officer Ian Van Nest scans the rocks around Churchill several times a day. Olivier MORIN / AFP
The emergency number for the wildlife protection unit is posted on many walls.
Some areas, like schoolgrounds, are more closely monitored.
When they get an urgent call, Ian Van Nest, the provincial officer of the unit, and his colleagues jump into their pickup truck armed with a rifle and a spray can of repellent, wearing protective vests.
Sometimes the bears can be scared off with just "the horn on your vehicle," Van Neste said. Other times the animals need to be sedated, then kept in cages until winter rolls around and they are freed.
The fate of the polar bear should alarm everyone, said Flavio Lehner, a climate scientist at Cornell University, who notes that the Arctic is a good barometer of planetary health.
And since the 1980s, data show, the bay's summer ice pack has decreased by nearly half.
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Along Hudson Bay in northern Canada, a lonely polar bear patrols along a rocky outcrop in early August 2022. Olivier MORIN / AFP
