UN warns millions will die by 2029 if U.S. funding for HIV programs isn't replaced
by KoreaJoongAngDaily
A patient shows a Vulante tablet, a medication and specifically a combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine, used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults aged 18 years and older at his home in Msogwaba township near Mbombela on March 12. [AFP/YONHAP]
Years of American-led investment into AIDS programs has reduced the number of people killed by the disease to the lowest levels seen in more than three decades and provided life-saving medicines for some of the world’s most vulnerable.
But in the last six months, the sudden withdrawal of U.S. money has caused a “systemic shock,” UN officials warned, adding that if the funding isn’t replaced, it could lead to more than 4 million AIDS-related deaths and 6 million more HIV infections by 2029.
A new UNAIDS report released Thursday said the funding losses have "already destabilized supply chains, led to the closure of health facilities, left thousands of health clinics without staff, set back prevention programs, disrupted HIV testing efforts and forced many community organizations to reduce or halt their HIV activities.”
It also said that it feared other major donors scaled back their support, reversing decades of progress against AIDS worldwide — and that the strong multilateral cooperation is in jeopardy because of wars, geopolitical shifts and climate change.
The $4 billion that the United States pledged for the global HIV response for 2025 disappeared virtually overnight in January, when U.S. President Donald Trump ordered that all foreign aid be suspended and later moved to shutter the U.S. AID agency.
Andrew Hill, an HIV expert at the University of Liverpool who is not connected to the United Nations, said that while Trump is entitled to spend U.S. money as he sees fit, “any responsible government would have given advance warning so countries could plan,” instead of stranding patients in Africa where clinics were closed overnight.
The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or Pepfar, was launched in 2003 by U.S. President George W. Bush, the biggest-ever commitment by any country focused on a single disease.
UNAIDS called the program a “lifeline” for countries with high HIV rates, and said that it supported testing for 84.1 million people, treatment for 20.6 million, among other initiatives. According to data from Nigeria, Pepfar also funded 99.9 percent of the country’s budget for medicines taken to prevent HIV.
A worker displays a plastic test cassette for HIV 1/2 at Codix Bio production plant where HIV and Malaria test kits are locally produced, as it aims to fill the gap left by U.S. funding cuts to USAID, in Iperu-Remo in Ogun State, Nigeria on June 18. [REUTERS/YONHAP]
UN Assistant Secretary-General Angeli Achrekar, a UNAIDS deputy executive director who was Pepfar’s principal deputy coordinator until January 2023, said the program is under review by the Trump administration though Secretary of State Marco Rubio issued a waiver “to continue life-saving treatment.”
“The extent to which it will continue in the future, we don’t know,” she told a video news conference with UN reporters in New York. “We are cautiously hopeful that Pepfar will continue to support both prevention and treatment services.”
In 2024, there were about 630,000 AIDS-related deaths worldwide, per a UNAIDS estimate — the figure has remained about the same since 2022 after peaking at about 2 million deaths in 2004.
Even before the U.S. funding cuts, progress against curbing HIV was uneven. UNAIDS said that half of all new infections are in sub-Saharan Africa.
Tom Ellman of Doctors Without Borders said that while some poorer countries were now moving to fund more of their own HIV programs, it would be impossible to fill the gap left by the United States.
“There's nothing we can do that will protect these countries from the sudden, vicious withdrawal of support from the U.S.,” said Ellman, head of the group's South Africa medical unit.
Experts also fear another significant loss — data.
The United States paid for most HIV surveillance in African countries, including hospital, patient and electronic records, all of which has now abruptly ceased, according to Dr. Chris Beyrer, director of the Global Health Institute at Duke University.
“Without reliable data about how HIV is spreading, it will be incredibly hard to stop it,” he said.
The uncertainty comes in the wake of a twice-yearly injectable that many hope could end HIV. Studies published last year showed that the drug from pharmaceutical maker Gilead was 100 percent effective in preventing the virus.
This photo provided by Gilead Sciences shows packaging for the company's HIV prevention medication, Yeztugo, (lenacapvir) at a manufacturing facility in La Verne, California, in June. [AP/YONHAP]
At a launch event Thursday, South Africa's health minister Aaron Motsoaledi said the country would “move mountains and rivers to make sure every adolescent girl who needs it will get it,” saying that the continent's past dependence upon U.S. aid was “scary.”
Last month, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the drug, called Yeztugo , a move that should have been a “threshold moment” for stopping the AIDS epidemic, said Peter Maybarduk of the advocacy group Public Citizen.
But activists like Maybarduk said Gilead’s pricing will put it out of reach of many countries that need it. Gilead has agreed to sell generic versions of the drug in 120 poor countries with high HIV rates but has excluded nearly all of Latin America , where rates are far lower but increasing.
“We could be ending AIDS," Maybarduk said. "Instead, the U.S. is abandoning the fight.”
AP
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A patient shows a Vulante tablet, a medication and specifically a combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine, used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults aged 18 years and older at his home in Msogwaba township near Mbombela on March 12. [AFP/YONHAP] 
